These electric methods can be used to complement acoustic methods by assessing different. Electrical resistance tomography ert has been used to nondestructively examine the interior of reinforced concrete pillars in the laboratory during a water infiltration experiment. Traditionally the electricallybased assessment of the moisture flow in cementbased materials relies on two or fourpoint measurements. This paper presents a study on the feasibility of using electrical resistance tomography ert for detecting cracks in concrete. Degradation processes in reinforced concrete structures that affect durability are partially controlled by transport of aggressive ions through the concrete microstructure. Electric methods, such as electrical resistivity tomography ert and electrical capacitance tomography ect, have been used to image cracks and steel reinforcing bars, which show clear electrical contrast from the background concrete 1520. Electrical resistance tomography imaging of concrete concrete is the most used building material in the world. This method is widely used for evaluation of concrete due to its effectiveness, ease of implementation and low cost. Read assessment of cracks in reinforced concrete by means of electrical resistance and image analysis, construction and building materials on deepdyve, the largest online rental service for scholarly research with thousands of academic publications available at your fingertips. Adaptive meshing approach to identification of cracks with. Concrete electrical resistivity can be obtained by applying a current into the concrete and measuring the response voltage. The resistivity technique is a useful method for characterising the subsurface materials in terms of their electrical properties.
A defect sensing method based on electrical impedance spectroscopy is proposed to image cracks and reinforcing bars in concrete structures. Hence, a connection could be expected between electrical resistivity of concrete and the. Electrical resistance tomography imaging of concrete citeseerx. Electrical resistance tomography for imaging concrete. Assessing concrete durability using electrical resistivity. Smart lab publications department of civil, construction. The durability of cracked reinforced concrete is a serious concern in the construction industry. There are different methods for measuring concrete resistivity.
Depending on its moisture content, concrete may exhibit conductive or insulative characteristics. The aim of this paper is to carry out a feasibility evaluation with specifically. Damage detection in carbon fiberreinforced polymer. Variations in electrical resistivity or conductivity typically correlate with variations in lithology, water saturation, fluid conductivity, porosity and permeability, which may be used to map stratigraphic units, geological structure, sinkholes, fractures and. A computerized tomography system suitable for the examination of concrete has been developed. All of these factors make it difficult to measure the resistance of concrete. Cracks represent fast routes for chloride penetration.
The method utilizes the frequencydependent behavior of thin insulating cracks. Imaging water ingress into concrete using electrical. In this paper, imaging of moisture distribution with electrical resistance tomography ert is considered. Electrical resistance tomography ert was used to image spatial moisture distribution and movement in pavement sections during an infiltration test.
Electrical resistance tomography is a method for sensing the spatial distribution of electrical conductivity. Electrical resistance tomography ert paulo monteiro. This paper investigates the feasibility of imaging the movement of water into partially saturated concrete using electrical resistance tomography ert. The upv tests are characterized by an ndt method that aims to detect defects or internal discontinuities present in various types of materials. Imaging of twodimensional unsaturated moisture flows in. Electrical impedance tomography based sensing skin. Request pdf electrical resistance tomography imaging of concrete we apply. Electrical resistance tomography for assessment of cracks in concrete.
The basic principles of electrical resistance tomography ert are to take multiple measurements at the periphery of a process vessel or pipeline and combine these to provide information on the electrical properties of the process volume. As the concrete infrastructure is increasingly deteriorating, the need for advanced testing methods for concrete is imminent. Application of ert in concrete is a new exploration field, which can be used in monitoring and detecting the health and. Electrical resistance tomography for imaging the spatial. Crack detection after bending test surface plots of the reconstructed conductivity distribution of the specimen k. More specifically, the eitbased sensing skin is developed for detecting and localizing the ingress of chlorides and cracking. Our previous studies have demonstrated that cracks in concrete can. This method is based on the measurement of several apparent resistivity values based on different electrode spacings and positions. Electrical resistivity tomography on dam safety assessment. In addition, to evaluate and detect cracks and discontinuities, such as joints, in massive concrete structures within preexisting boreholes, electrical resistivity measurements with a dc current was stated to be a good quality assessment indicator 78.
Electrical resistance tomography imaging of concrete request pdf. Electrical resistance tomography to monitor unsaturated moisture flow in cementitious materials. A study on the feasibility of using electrical resistance tomography ert for detecting cracks in concrete is presented in this article. Electrical impedance tomographybased sensing skin for. Electrical resistance tomography to monitor unsaturated. Electric methods, such as electrical resistivity tomography ert and electrical capacitance. Lataste using electrical resistance tomography technology and the success of the implementation for concrete detection of cracks 16. For example, a concrete sample might exhibit high electrical resistance when it is dry, but the same concrete material can have much lower resistance if it is saturated. Kaipio, electrical resistance tomography imaging of. Read electrical resistance tomography imaging of concrete, cement and concrete research on deepdyve, the largest online rental service for scholarly research with thousands of academic publications available at your fingertips. Abstract pdf 967 kb 2015 randomizethenoptimize for sampling and uncertainty quantification in electrical impedance tomography. We apply electrical resistance tomography ert for three dimensional imaging of concrete.
A new sensing skin for qualitative damage detection in concrete elements. Ert is a technique for determining the electrical resistivity distribution within a volume from measurement of injected currents and the resulting electrical potential distribution on the surface. Electrical resistance tomography imaging of concrete sciencedirect. Reviewarticle electrical resistivity of concrete for durability evaluation. Ert is a technique for determining the electrical resistivity distribution within a volume from measurement of injected currents and the resulting electrical potential distribution on the. Electrical resistance tomography ert is well known as noninvasive imaging technique, inexpensive, radiation free, visualization measurements of the multiphase flows and frequently applied in geophysical, medical and industrial process tomography ipt applications. Ions are charged and the ability of concrete to hold out against transfer of ions greatly relies on its electrical resistivity. Electrical resistivity measurement applied to cracking. The main goal is to estimate the location, depth and orientation of a crack in three.
Resistivity and concrete quality assessment techrentals. Signal frequency the general representation of the impedance spectrum consists of two arcs in high and lowfrequency ranges fig. Electrical resistance tomography for monitoring the. The actual resistivity distribution in the concrete is calculated by inverse calculations. In reinforced concrete, the metallic phases reinforcing bars and fibers, cracks and air. The system has been used on various test specimens of concrete. The application of the electrical resistance tomography ert has been studied to counteract this problem. The previous studies have demonstrated that cracks in concrete can be detected with ert in cylindrical geometries. Electrical resistivity of concrete giatec scientific inc.
Electrical impedance tomography eit is a noninvasive imaging modality in which the internal conductivity distribution is reconstructed based on boundary voltage measurements. Can electrical resistance tomography be used for imaging unsaturated moisture flow in cementbased materials with discrete cracks. Electrical resistance surveys also called earth resistance or resistivity survey are one of a number of methods used in archaeological geophysics, as well as in engineering geological investigations. Electrical impedance spectroscopybased nondestructive. Resistivity is a key factor used in the investigation of a concrete structure, whether it is for qa during construction, to determine the rate of corrosion or determine the overall quality of concrete insitu. Rapid difference imaging with electrical resistance tomography.
Electrical resistance tomography for assessment of cracks. In this paper we apply electrical resistance tomography ert to imaging of concrete. This paper presents the sensitivity map generation of electrical resistance tomography ert for a system using conducting vessel pipe. In this type of survey electrical resistance meters are used to detect and map subsurface archaeological features and patterning.
In ert, alternating currents are injected into the target using an array of electrodes attached to the target surface, and the resulting voltages are measured using the same electrodes. Especially, the aim is to study whether ert could give. Penetrating radar gpr, mit scan 2 based on magnetic tomography for accurate dowel location, chaining, and seismic methods this paper explores a state of the art ultrasonic tomography device mira for use in evaluating concrete pavements. A finite element model software using 2d comsol model consisting of 16 electrodes were attached invasively in a stainless steel pipe. Electrical resistance tomography imaging of concrete. Cracking of the concrete substrate results in a rupture of the sensing skin. The previous studies have demonstrated that cracks in.
In this work, we consider the application of eit to nondestructive testing ndt of materials and, especially, crack detection. Electrical resistance tomography ert, underground detection, image processing. Electrical impedance spectroscopybased defect sensing. Assessment of cracks in reinforced concrete by means of. Monteiro, electrical resistance tomography for assessment of cracks in concrete, aci materials journal 107, 523531 2010. Detecting damage in concrete using electrical methods and assessing moisture movement in cracked. Electrical resistance tomography imaging kimmo karhunen. Our previous studies have demonstrated that cracks in concrete can be detected with ert in cylindrical geometries. Ultrasonic testing uses high frequency greater than 20,000 hz sound waves to. With this technique, the spatial distribution of electrical resistance within the concrete sample was acquired from 4point electrical measurements obtained on its surface.
European congress on computational methods in applied sciences and engineering eccomas 2008, venice, italy. Electrical impedance spectroscopybased nondestructive testing for imaging defects in concrete structures habib ammariy jin keun seoz tingting zhangz liangdong zhouz may 20, 2014 abstract an electrical impedance spectroscopybased nondestructive testing ndt method is proposed to image both cracks and reinforcing bars in concrete structures. European congress on computational methods in applied sciences and engineering eccomas 2008, venice, italy, june 30 july 5, 2008. In ert, alternating currents are injected into the target using an array of electrodes attached to the. Electrical resistance tomography for monitoring the infiltration of water into a pavement section. Electrical resistance tomography for assessment of cracks in. In this context electrical resistivity measurements get sensitivity to parameters allowing to assess concrete structures. We apply electrical resistance tomography ert for three dimensional. Crack identification in concrete with electrical resistance tomography, in proceedings of 5th.
Electrical resistivity measurement applied to cracking assessment. Daily w, ramirez a, binley a and henrypoulter s 1994 electrical resistance. Monteiro, electrical resistance tomography for assessment of. A functionally layered sensing skin for the detection of. Electrical impedance tomographybased sensing skin for quantitative imaging of damage in concrete.
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